The earliest known tool for use in computation was the abacus, and it was thought to have been invented in Babylon circa 2. These concepts include one- to- one correspondence (the basis of counting), comparison to a standard (used for measurement), and the 3- 4- 5 right triangle (a device for assuring a right angle). But long before abstractions like the number arose, there were mathematical concepts to serve the purposes of civilization. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
The fundamental question underlying all computing is. Because society needs people to do computing well, we must think of computing not only as a profession but also as a discipline.
Regardless of the context, doing computing well can be complicated and difficult. For example, an information systems specialist will view computing somewhat differently from a software engineer. The list is virtually endless, and the possibilities are vast. Thus, computing includes designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide range of purposes processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information doing scientific studies using computers making computer systems behave intelligently creating and using communications and entertainment media finding and gathering information relevant to any particular purpose, and so on. The field of computing includes computer engineering, software engineering, computer science, information systems, and information technology. Computing includes designing, developing and building hardware and software systems processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information doing scientific research on and with computers making computer systems behave intelligently and creating and using communications and entertainment media. Computing is any goal- oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating a mathematical sequence of steps known as an algorithm. For the formal concept of computation, see computation.
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